Introduction:

This guide provides an easy-to-understand overview of intrauterine devices (IUDs) as a birth control option. Dr. Lauren Honken, a board-certified OBGYN, shares her expertise on what an IUD is, the benefits and risks, and what to expect during the procedure.

What is an IUD?

An IUD, or intrauterine device, is a small, T-shaped device placed inside the uterus to prevent pregnancy. It’s a "set it and forget it" method, meaning once it's in place, you don't need to worry about daily birth control pills or using contraception every time you have sex.

Why Choose an IUD?

• Convenience: Once inserted, it can last for several years without needing replacement.

• Reduced Bleeding: Some types of IUDs, particularly progestin IUDs, can reduce heavy menstrual bleeding or even stop periods altogether.

• High Effectiveness: IUDs are one of the most effective forms of birth control, even more so than having your tubes tied. They are also reversible, so you can choose to remove it whenever you want to try for a pregnancy or switch to another form of contraception.

Types of IUDs:

1. Copper IUD (Paragard):

• Effective for up to 10 years.

• May cause heavier periods and more cramping.

2. Progestin IUDs:

• Mirena and Liletta: Both last for up to 8 years and are most likely to reduce or stop periods.

• Kyleena: Lasts for 5 years, has a moderate amount of progestin.

• Skyla: Smallest IUD, lasts for 3 years.

How Do IUDs Work?

Both copper and progestin IUDs work by altering the way sperm moves, preventing it from reaching the egg. Progestin IUDs also thicken cervical mucus, further blocking sperm.

What to Expect During Placement:

• Choosing a Clinician: It’s crucial to choose an experienced clinician, especially if you haven’t had children, as the procedure can be more painful for those who haven’t.

• Pain Management: Options include taking ibuprofen before the procedure, using Valium to relax, or even using nitrous oxide (laughing gas). Some clinics offer a paracervical block (a numbing injection around the cervix), though not all patients opt for this.

• Comfort Tips: Bring headphones to listen to music, ask to dim the lights, or bring a supportive partner to help ease anxiety.

Understanding the Risks:

• Uterine Perforation: A rare complication (1 in 1,000 cases) where the IUD pierces the uterine wall, emphasizing the need for an experienced clinician.

• Expulsion: There’s a small risk (1 in 20) that the IUD could come out on its own.

• Malposition: About 10% of IUDs might not be perfectly placed, leading to irregular spotting or discomfort.

• Irregular Spotting: After placement, you might experience spotting, but it typically decreases over time.

Final Thoughts:

Overall, the IUD is a reliable and convenient birth control option that many women find beneficial. However, it’s essential to discuss your individual needs and risks with your doctor to make the best choice for your health.

If you're considering an IUD, talk to your healthcare provider to determine if it’s the right option for you.